Trump gives displaced IT workers attention, and he's not alone
There are 5,669 workers in Connecticut employed under the H-1B program, Blumenthal said at a press conference. "How many of them have displaced American workers We don't know," he said. "How many of them have been hired instead of American workers We don't know.
"But we know that increasingly," the senator said, foreign workers are being used to displace Americans "because they can be employed more cheaply."
Blumenthal's press conference was another sign of the rising political visibility of the H-1B issue. The implications of this attention are unclear.
Legislative reforms are stalled, and discrimination cases in court remain undecided, but the issue may be getting the most attention it has ever received.
At rallies for Donald Trump, the billionaire businessman seeking the Republican presidential nomination, Disney IT workers have spoken about being replaced by foreign labor.
Trump was endorsed by Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala.), the head of the Senate immigration subcommittee. That committee has held two hearings during this legislative term on the impact of H-1B visa holders on highly skilled workers.
Trump, at the Miami GOP candidate debate, appeared to suggest ending the H-1B program. His platform details H-1B reforms, and the endorsement by Sessions, a leading Republican critic on illegal immigration, may be seen as a sign that Trump is serious. But in some public statements during debates, Trump can seem wobbly on H-1B issue.
Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz, a Texas senator, once called for a massive H-1B cap increase but has since become an H-1B reformer, proposing a series of restrictions on the visa's use.
U.S. Sen. Bill Nelson (D-Fla.) released reform legislation following the Disney layoff. A bipartisan group of 10 senators, including Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders, have asked for a federal investigation of the H-1B program.
It's not just the senators and presidential candidates who are speaking out. Displaced IT professionals are telling about their experiences of having to train their visa-holding replacements. They are raising questions, and, increasingly, they are doing so in public.
The latest to do so is Craig Diangelo, a longtime employee at Northeast Utilities (Now Eversource) until he trained his visa-holding replacement. He was laid off two years ago and has not spoken out about the incident because of a non-disparagement clause in his severance agreement.
The use of the visa at U.S. companies is an "epidemic" that has affected thousands, Diangelo said.
Approximately 200 IT workers at Eversource were laid off after the company hired India-based offshore contractors, Infosys and Tata Consultancy Services, to provide IT services.
The non-disparage agreement, included in the severance package, has made employees cautious. But after two years since his layoff, Diangelo said he can no longer be silent.
With Blumenthal looking on, Diangelo said it was important for him to exercise his rights as an American.
"It's come to the point where the story has to get out," said Diangelo, who is urging changes in the H-1B laws. "People have to stop being afraid of not being able to speak and doing everything anonymously."
Blumenthal has urged the company to drop the non-disparagement clause, which he calls a "gag order."
Eversource has defended itself, in part, by pointing out that its post-merger IT reorganization was needed to modernize its systems, and it needed outside help to accomplish it.
The utility also said that it only employs three people under a non-immigrant visa program. But Eversource is only describing its direct hires, not its contractor workforce. The contractors it brought in are typically among the top three largest users of H-1B visa workers.
Albert Lara, an Eversource spokesman, said the former employees are free to talk about the organization and the new service model. "There is nothing in any agreement that he signed that would prevent him from doing that."
Blumenthal is backing legislation by Sens. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) and Dick Durbin (D-Ill.), to prevent displacements, and to require companies to make a good faith effort to hire U.S. workers before using visa workers.
Blumenthal also supports legislation to increase the H-1B cap, but only if it comes with visa use restrictions. He wants a comprehensive immigration plan as well.
The Senate Democrat leadership won't support a standalone H-1B reform bill unless it is part of a comprehensive reform plan. Republicans are more likely to back a standalone H-1B bill. But the tech industry is very influential, the political divisions are bipartisan, and the outcome remains uncertain no matter what party wins in November.
Visa reform may arrive via the courts even if the political process fails. IT workers have filed discrimination complaints in federal and state courts and with federal agencies, but it could be years before this is any resolution.
Even with all the political and legal efforts, there's no certainty any action will derail the forces moving IT jobs overseas.
Abbott Labs is an example. The global healthcare company hired Wipro, an India-based offshore outsourcing firm, and a major user of H-1B visa-holding workers. Abbott, based in Illinois, then proceeded with plans to lay off about 150 IT employees and shift some IT work overseas. Abbott IT employees were expected to train their replacements.
But the IT employees took action to try to prevent that requirement. They contacted Sara Blackwell, an attorney representing former Disney IT employees, and sought her help. Sen. Dick Durbin (D-Ill) also got involved, and he recently asked Abbott to drop its plan.
"To add insult to injury, the Abbott Labs IT staff who will be laid off will first be forced to train their replacements," Durbin wrote.
Abbott later said that the "affected Abbott IT employees are not being asked to train their replacements." The company also said that 80% of the workers Wipro brings on site will be U.S. citizens.
Abbott's strategy may be to try to avoid discrimination claims and lawsuits by having the IT services firm use a relatively high percentage of U.S. citizens and by not requiring the soon-to-be laid-off employees to train replacements.
If visa restrictions arrive, IT services firms may increase reliance on Web-based "knowledge transfer" to avoid having visa workers at an employer's site. There have also been reports of U.S. workers traveling overseas to train replacements on foreign soil.
Abbott's strategy doesn't change the most damaging issue: that U.S. employees are still losing their jobs, and the work is moving overseas.
"It seems to be a misinterpretation of the idiom 'insult to injury," said Ron Hira, an associate professor of public policy at Howard University, referring to the language in Durbin's letter to Abbott.
"The injury is the lost job. The insult is having to train your replacement. Remove the insult and you still have the injury," he said.